En construction
Many industrial processes generate important volumes of diluted acid,
containing either organic or inorganic materials that cannot be neutralised
and/or discharged. Evaporation is a proven process to concentrate these
effluents and allow the acids to be recycled, reducing the cost of fresh acid
make-up.
The main operations resulting in the production of spent acid
are as follows:
HCl thermal regeneration : HCl concentration or
capacity increase
Pigments production (for example TiO2)
Hydrometallurgy : for copper and zinc extraction, or other non ferrous
materials
Organic synthesis, for sulphonation, nitration, alkylation, …
Steel production : pickling baths, electrolyte from galvanisation